As an update to this, I have a fix ready for v3.5.2.
Paint.NET v3.5.2 will now use GDI to get the list of fonts. This will give it the "expanded" list of names, e.g. Arial, Arial Narrow, Arial Black. It will then ask DirectWrite to create the font, and if that fails it will roundtrip the font through CreateFontFromLOGFONT(). This will then give it the correct Family Name + Weight/Style/Stretch that DirectWrite expects. In other words, it will convert "Arial Narrow" to "Arial" + Stretch=Narrow. This will all happen behind-the-scenes, so you won't have to worry about any of this.
Also, bitmap fonts such as Terminal, System, and Courier will now be available as well. DirectWrite doesn't handle these types of fonts, but GDI does. So, Paint.NET will now detect DW's refusal and use GDI as a fallback.