After experimenting with the suggestions made above by Ego Eram Reputo, I've got pretty close to what I need now (see attachment - note, it's not the same area as the first post). What I've done is:
Upped the saturation to 125. Reduce noise (radius = 30, strength = 0.70) x2 Surface blur (radius = 15, threshold = 20) Contrast +25 Magic wand (tolerance = ~25%), selecting each colour (i.e., land cover type). Then, for each colour: Create a new layer Fill the selecting in this new layer with a solid colour Gaussian blur+ (radius = 2) Transparency (100% opaque) Median (radius = 5, percentile = 30)
Flatten the image and remove the background.
There are some small parts that are still slightly off, so I'm still adjusting certain values here and there. All in all, though, it should be a lot quicker than manually 'repainting' the whole map (and the other 10!).